Wednesday, December 23, 2015

Insights Invited on Rudiments vs Elemental Spirits


NRSV uses the translation “elemental spirits” in Galatians 4:3 but has a footnote offering “rudiments” as an alternative. As I have been mediating on Galatians 3:23-4:7 (the lectionary Epistle for the first Sunday of Christmastide this year), it struck me that “rudiments” might fit better with the idea of the Law as disciplinarian or guardian in the rest of the passage. “Rudiments” suggests the need to learn the basics on the way to mature freedom. However, the “elemental spirits” translation points to an interpretation that this refers to diabolical evil spirits to which the Galatians (and all outside of faith) are imprisoned. The reference in 4:8 to “beings that are by nature not gods” does seem to fit this interpretation of demonic beings. But 4:9 again used “elemental spirits” with the footnote alternative “rudiments.” If “rudiments” is a better translation, it fits with the theme of maturing into faith rather than being captive of moral evil, which seems consistent with the modern work on moral development by the likes of Kohlberg and Fowler, moving from external to internal value structures.

Interestingly, in the Gospel reading for this week from John 1:1-18, v. 17 speaks of the Law coming by Moses and grace and truth by Christ. When juxtaposed with the Galatians passage, this makes for some fruitful meditation on the function of Law and grace in God’s economy.


I did some brief internet research on the background and various translations to see if a preference for the “rudiments” or “elemental spirits” was clearer. From what I found, it would seem to be able to go either way. Some suggested that the “elemental spirits” were not diabolical but human philosophy. I’d be interested in any insights from others who may have a better grip on Greek than I do. 

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